Content
Introduction. 3
Linking Political Parties and Interest Groups. 4
Co-evolution. 4
Discipline. 8
Brokerage. 11
Identity. 14
Conclusion. 18
References. 19
The objective of this paper was to consider and describe new models of interaction between political parties and interest groups existing at the moment. Having studied the publications on the topic, we came to the following conclusions:
Political parties and interest groups are intricately and inextricably linked to one another and had to constantly interact for at least four reasons: parties and groups co-evolve with one another; they have attempted to discipline each other; interest groups and parties are key brokers within one another’s networks and between other actors in the policy process and, finally, parties and groups serve to fashion interlinked political identities for individuals and organizations. Thus, the key mechanisms that link parties and groups are co-evolution, discipline, brokerage, and identity.
Just as species evolve, parties and interest groups change their form over time. Parties and groups grow and contract in size, adopt and shed tasks, and serve different roles in the political system.
The so-called “discipline” – the ability to influence what kinds of agents participate in politics – is about gaining control by putting agents into place that act in a certain way without having to be asked.
Brokerage is a key function of political parties and interest groups – one that
assures that they remain closely linked to one another. Parties and groups engage in at least four different types of brokerage relationships. First, interest groups may act as brokers within party coalitions. Second, interest groups may act as brokers between parties, or between parties and other actors. Third, parties may act as brokers among interest groups, or between interest groups and other actors. Fourth, parties and interest groups may compete with one another to act as brokers among other actors.
There are four types of interaction between partisan and group identities. First, parties’ identities may be a source of conflict within groups. Second, group identities may be a source of conflict within parties. Third, partisan identities may strengthen groups. Fourth, group identities may facilitate the success of a party.
Party and group identities spark new organizational dynamics by altering constituencies, raising new issues, and motivating members to act out in instances where they might have otherwise remained quiescent. The intersection of partisan and group identities, in general, has the potential to alter party and group politics in unexpected ways. Parties and groups are competing objects of loyalty for individuals. They may motivate a party’s members to act against the interests of the party. Or, groups may motivate people to promote the fortunes of a party...
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